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Use Select for a form value chosen from a list. Dropdown remains the main higher-level API for menus, pickers, panels, and pages that combine those workflows.

Usage

Uncontrolled state

Use defaultValue to set the initial priority. The select owns subsequent selection changes.
Supply items on Root so Value renders the selected item’s label; without it, the trigger shows the raw value. The selected value can be null when nothing is selected.

Anatomy

Compose the public parts inside Select.Root. Trigger and Item render only their children. Add Icon, ItemText, and ItemIndicator explicitly when you want the default chevron, label, and checkmark.
Portal, List, Backdrop, arrows, and indicators are optional. Use Positioner around Popup for positioning, including when you render the popup inline without a portal.

Controlled state

Pass value and update it with onValueChange to own the same priority in React state. The callback receives the next value and event details.

Multiple selection

With multiple, the value is an array. Use defaultValue={['en']} instead of value and onValueChange for an uncontrolled multiple selection. The generic root types represent the option value and whether multiple selection is enabled.

Open state

Selection and popup visibility are independent. The examples above leave popup visibility uncontrolled. Selecting a single value closes the popup; multiple selection keeps it open. Use defaultOpen to set its initial visibility; it defaults to false. Pass open and update it with onOpenChange to control visibility. This example controls the popup while leaving the selected priority uncontrolled.

Compose with a field

Wrap the select in Field.Root to associate its trigger with a visible label and helper text. The field handles labeling and validation; the select keeps its own selection and popup state.

Item composition

Compose arbitrary content inside Item. Put the searchable label in ItemText; additional content does not become its typeahead label. Provide children to Icon or ItemIndicator to replace their default icons, or omit those parts altogether.
All parts that render elements accept native attributes, refs, and Base UI’s render, className, and style composition APIs. For example, use render={<Button />} on Trigger to compose it with a Twenty UI button. For a non-button render element, also set nativeButton={false}.

Placement

Set size="sm" or size="md" on Trigger. Placement belongs on Positioner; portal destination belongs on Portal. Positioner preserves Base UI’s defaults: side="bottom", align="center", sideOffset={0}, and alignItemWithTrigger={true}. Selected-item alignment applies to pointer input when there is enough space. Set alignItemWithTrigger={false} to use anchored positioning consistently. The examples above choose align="start" and sideOffset={8} explicitly.
Positioner also supports virtual anchors, offset functions, arrowPadding, and disableAnchorTracking. Portal uses the theme’s portal container unless you provide container. An explicit container={null} waits until that container is available.

Native forms and callback details

Set name on Root to include the selected value in FormData. Multiple selection submits one entry per selected value. form associates the hidden input with an external form, and inputRef gives access to that input. required, disabled, and autoComplete retain Base UI’s native form behavior. onValueChange and onOpenChange receive the next state and upstream event details, including reason, the native event, cancel(), and allowPropagation(). Calling cancel() prevents the corresponding internal state change. Controlled roots still require you to update value or open.
The generic root types represent the option value and whether multiple selection is enabled. Object values support itemToStringLabel, itemToStringValue, and isItemEqualToValue. Use null for an empty single selection and an empty array for an empty multiple selection.

Keyboard

Keyboard users can open the list from the trigger, navigate options with arrow keys, and type to find an option. Home and End jump to the first and last options. Enter selects an option; Escape dismisses the popup and restores trigger focus. Multiple selection keeps the popup open while options are toggled. Label the trigger with Select.Label, an accessible name, or Field. A placeholder alone does not name the control.

Props

The reference is generated from the public component types. Native attributes, including accessible names and event handlers, are also accepted on parts that render elements.

Select.Root

RefObject<SelectRootActions | null>
A ref to imperative actions.
  • unmount: Ends the closing phase of the select after an externally controlled closing animation finishes. Call preventUnmountOnClose() in onOpenChange first, otherwise the select completes closing on its own. Whether it leaves the DOM is decided by keepMounted on the portal.
  • close: Closes the select imperatively when called.
string
Provides a hint to the browser for autofill.
ReactNode
Select parts sharing selection, open state and accessible relationships. Root renders no DOM node.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the select popup is initially open.To render a controlled select popup, use the open prop instead.
SelectInputValue<Value, Multiple> | null
The uncontrolled value of the select when it’s initially rendered.To render a controlled select, use the value prop instead.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the component should ignore user interaction.
string
Identifies the form that owns the hidden input. Useful when the select is rendered outside the form.
boolean
default:"true"
Whether moving the pointer over items should highlight them. Disabling this prop allows CSS :hover to be differentiated from the :focus (data-highlighted) state.
string
The id of the Select.
Ref<HTMLInputElement>
Ref to the native hidden input used for form submission.
((itemValue: Value, value: Value) => boolean)
Custom comparison logic used to determine if a select item value matches the current selected value. Useful when item values are objects without matching referentially. Defaults to Object.is comparison.
Record<string, ReactNode> | readonly { label: ReactNode; value: any; }[] | readonly Group<any>[]
Data structure of the items rendered in the select popup. When specified, <Select.Value> renders the label of the selected item instead of the raw value.
((itemValue: Value) => string)
When the item values are objects (<Select.Item value={object}>), this function converts the object value to a string representation for display in the trigger. If the shape of the object is { value, label }, the label will be used automatically without needing to specify this prop.
((itemValue: Value) => string)
When the item values are objects (<Select.Item value={object}>), this function converts the object value to a string representation for form submission. If the shape of the object is { value, label }, the value will be used automatically without needing to specify this prop.
boolean
default:"true"
Determines if the select enters a modal state when open.
  • true: user interaction is limited to the select: document page scroll is locked and pointer interactions on outside elements are disabled.
  • false: user interaction with the rest of the document is allowed.
On touch devices, a true modal blocks outside taps but leaves the page scrollable unless the popup spans nearly the full viewport width, matching native iOS behavior.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether multiple items can be selected.
string
Identifies the field when a form is submitted.
((open: boolean, eventDetails: SelectRootOpenChangeEventDetails) => void)
Receives the requested open state and unchanged Base UI event details.
((open: boolean) => void)
Event handler called after any animations complete when the select popup is opened or closed.
((value: SelectOutputValue<Value, Multiple> | (Multiple extends true ? never : null), eventDetails: SelectRootChangeEventDetails) => void)
Receives the requested generic value and unchanged Base UI event details, including reason, event and cancel(). Multiple selection receives an array; a cleared single value is null.
boolean
Whether the select popup is currently open.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the user should be unable to choose a different option from the select popup.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the user must choose a value before submitting a form.
SelectInputValue<Value, Multiple> | null
The value of the select. Use when controlled.

Select.Label

string | ((state: FieldRootState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, FieldRootState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: FieldRootState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Trigger

ReactNode
Trigger content rendered as supplied. Compose Value and Icon explicitly.
string | ((state: SelectTriggerState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean
Whether the component should ignore user interaction.
boolean
default:"true"
Whether the component renders a native <button> element when replacing it via the render prop. Set to false if the rendered element is not a button (for example, <div>).
Ref<HTMLButtonElement>
Ref to the rendered trigger element, a button by default.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectTriggerState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
"md" | "sm"
default:"md"
Visual size of the trigger. Defaults to md.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectTriggerState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Value

ReactNode | ((value: any) => ReactNode)
Accepts a function that returns a ReactNode to format the selected value. Treat the value as read-only: in multiple mode it may be a shared frozen array when nothing is selected.
string | ((state: SelectValueState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactNode
The placeholder value to display when no value is selected. This is overridden by children if specified, or by a null item’s label in items.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectValueState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectValueState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Icon

ReactNode
default:"<IconChevronDown />"
Trigger icon content. Defaults to the Twenty chevron; explicit children replace it.
string | ((state: SelectIconState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectIconState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectIconState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Portal

string | ((state: SelectPortalState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
HTMLElement | ShadowRoot | RefObject<HTMLElement | ShadowRoot | null> | null
Portal destination. Defaults to the current theme container, then the document body. Explicit null waits for a container before mounting.
Ref<HTMLDivElement>
Ref to the portal div. Native props and render apply to this element.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectPortalState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectPortalState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Backdrop

string | ((state: SelectBackdropState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectBackdropState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectBackdropState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Positioner

"center" | "end" | "start"
default:"center"
How to align the popup relative to the specified side.
boolean
default:"true"
Uses the upstream selected-item alignment by default. Set false to use side, align and offsets without overlapping the trigger.
number | OffsetFunction
default:"0"
Additional offset along the alignment axis in pixels. Also accepts a function that returns the offset to read the dimensions of the anchor and positioner elements, along with its side and alignment.The function takes a data object parameter with the following properties:
  • data.anchor: the dimensions of the anchor element with properties width and height.
  • data.positioner: the dimensions of the positioner element with properties width and height.
  • data.side: which side of the anchor element the positioner is aligned against.
  • data.align: how the positioner is aligned relative to the specified side.
Element | VirtualElement | RefObject<Element | null> | (() => Element | VirtualElement | null) | null
An element to position the popup against. By default, the popup will be positioned against the trigger.
number
default:"5"
Minimum distance to maintain between the arrow and the edges of the popup.Use it to prevent the arrow element from hanging out of the rounded corners of a popup.
string | ((state: SelectPositionerState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
CollisionAvoidance
Determines how to handle collisions when positioning the popup.side controls overflow on the preferred placement axis (top/bottom or left/right):
  • 'flip': keep the requested side when it fits; otherwise try the opposite side (top and bottom, or left and right).
  • 'shift': never change side; keep the requested side and move the popup within the clipping boundary so it stays visible.
  • 'none': do not correct side-axis overflow.
align controls overflow on the alignment axis (start/center/end):
  • 'flip': keep side, but swap start and end when the requested alignment overflows.
  • 'shift': keep side and requested alignment, then nudge the popup along the alignment axis to fit.
  • 'none': do not correct alignment-axis overflow.
fallbackAxisSide controls fallback behavior on the perpendicular axis when the preferred axis cannot fit:
  • 'start': allow perpendicular fallback and try the logical start side first (top before bottom, or left before right in LTR).
  • 'end': allow perpendicular fallback and try the logical end side first (bottom before top, or right before left in LTR).
  • 'none': do not fallback to the perpendicular axis.
When side is 'shift', explicitly setting align only supports 'shift' or 'none'. If align is omitted, it defaults to 'flip'.
Boundary
default:"clipping-ancestors"
An element or a rectangle that delimits the area that the popup is confined to.
Padding
default:"5"
Additional space to maintain from the edge of the collision boundary.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether to disable the popup from tracking any layout shift of its positioning anchor.
"absolute" | "fixed"
default:"absolute"
Determines which CSS position property to use.
Ref<HTMLDivElement>
Ref to the positioning div. Native props, styles and render apply to this element.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectPositionerState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
"bottom" | "inline-end" | "inline-start" | "left" | "right" | "top"
default:"bottom"
Which side of the anchor element to align the popup against. May automatically change to avoid collisions.
number | OffsetFunction
default:"0"
Distance between the anchor and the popup in pixels. Also accepts a function that returns the distance to read the dimensions of the anchor and positioner elements, along with its side and alignment.The function takes a data object parameter with the following properties:
  • data.anchor: the dimensions of the anchor element with properties width and height.
  • data.positioner: the dimensions of the positioner element with properties width and height.
  • data.side: which side of the anchor element the positioner is aligned against.
  • data.align: how the positioner is aligned relative to the specified side.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether to maintain the popup in the viewport after the anchor element was scrolled out of view.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectPositionerState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Popup

ReactNode
Popup content rendered as supplied. Compose inside Positioner and choose Portal separately.
string | ((state: SelectPopupState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean | RefObject<HTMLElement | null> | ((closeType: InteractionType) => boolean | void | HTMLElement | null)
Determines the element to focus when the select popup is closed.
  • false: Do not move focus.
  • true: Move focus based on the default behavior (trigger or previously focused element).
  • RefObject: Move focus to the ref element.
  • function: Called with the interaction type (mouse, touch, pen, or keyboard). Return an element to focus, true to use the default behavior, or false/undefined to do nothing.
Ref<HTMLDivElement>
Ref to the popup div. Native props, styles and render apply to this element.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectPopupState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectPopupState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.List

string | ((state: SelectListState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectListState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectListState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Item

ReactNode
Option content rendered as supplied. Compose ItemText and an optional ItemIndicator explicitly.
string | ((state: SelectItemState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the component should ignore user interaction.
string
Specifies the text label to use when the item is matched during keyboard text navigation.Defaults to the item text content if not provided.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether the component renders a native <button> element when replacing it via the render prop. Set to true if the rendered element is a native button.
Ref<HTMLElement>
Ref to the rendered option element. Native props and render apply to this element.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectItemState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectItemState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.
any
default:"null"
A unique value that identifies this select item.

Select.ItemIndicator

ReactNode
Selected indicator content. Defaults to the Twenty check icon; explicit children replace it.
string | ((state: SelectItemIndicatorState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean
Whether to keep the HTML element in the DOM when the item is not selected.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectItemIndicatorState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectItemIndicatorState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.ItemText

string | ((state: SelectItemTextState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectItemTextState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectItemTextState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Arrow

string | ((state: SelectArrowState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectArrowState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectArrowState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.ScrollDownArrow

string | ((state: SelectScrollDownArrowState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether to keep the HTML element in the DOM while the select popup is not scrollable.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectScrollDownArrowState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectScrollDownArrowState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.ScrollUpArrow

string | ((state: SelectScrollUpArrowState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
boolean
default:"false"
Whether to keep the HTML element in the DOM while the select popup is not scrollable.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectScrollUpArrowState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectScrollUpArrowState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Group

string | ((state: SelectGroupState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectGroupState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectGroupState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.GroupLabel

string | ((state: SelectGroupLabelState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectGroupLabelState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectGroupLabelState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.

Select.Separator

string | ((state: SelectSeparatorState) => string | undefined)
CSS class applied to the element, or a function that returns a class based on the component’s state.
"horizontal" | "vertical"
default:"horizontal"
The orientation of the separator.
ReactElement<unknown, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>> | ComponentRenderFn<HTMLProps, SelectSeparatorState>
Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a ReactElement or a function that returns the element to render.
CSSProperties | ((state: SelectSeparatorState) => CSSProperties | undefined)
Style applied to the element, or a function that returns a style object based on the component’s state.